Ghosts and Demons in Japanese Prints

Katsushika Hokusai, Kohada Koheiji, from the series “One Hundred Ghost Tales (Hyaku monogatari)”, ca. 1831, Art Institute of Chicago.

In Japan, Zhong Kui was called Shōki the Demon Queller and depicted in prints as a Chinese official dressed in a dark robe, boots, and cap, wielding the sword he uses to subdue demons. A popular subject, his image was often displayed in homes and on banners in the belief that it helped to ward o ff disease.Supernatural beings have always been common features in Japanese legends, prints, and Kabuki theater. The prints on view in Ghosts and Demons, all from ARTIC’s celebrated Clarence Buckingham collection, capture common Japanese folk tales as well as their Kabuki adaptations from the early 18th-century to the last years of the 19th century, offering distinct insight into the nature of these beloved stories and characters.

Amid the performances depicted in these prints are Kaidan mono, or Kabuki ghost plays. Ghost plays were known to feature dramatic special effects: quick costume changes in moments when an actor transformed into a ghost or the use of trap doors and flying apparatuses to terrify and excite the audience. Kaidan mono were most often put on in the heat of summer, the traditional time for telling ghost stories. Tales were meant to give the audience a chill.